Sunday, May 5, 2013

BAGA KILLINGS- THE CONSEQUENCE OF EXCESSIVE USE OF MILTARY FORCE IN COMBATING EXTREMISM IN NIGERIA.




Soldiers and arms and ammunition recovered from suspected Boko Haram members in Baga, Borno State... on Thursday
Source AFP

The Nigeria Army conducted the single deadliest military intervention which caused wanton destruction of lives and properties of civilians in Baga, Borno State in north eastern Nigeria. On Sunday, April 21, 2013, the soldiers from special operations searched and invaded the Baga community in search of suspects believed to be members of the deadly Islamic extremist group, Boko Haram. According to a recent United Nations report, “about 200 people were killed, and more than 2000 houses were destroyed during the raids conducted by the Nigerian Army,” (Guardian Newspaper, May 4, 2013).

There have been conflicting reports over what triggered the incident as the civilian population in Baga, Borno state were alleged to have harbored members of Boko Haram among them. Other reports claimed that a unit of the joint task force, made up of soldiers from Nigeria, Niger and Chad, was on a reconnaissance mission to the border town when members of the Boko Haram group ambushed and killed a senior military officer. The aggressors were said to have quickly merged with the crowd using the locals as human shields. The soldiers were alleged to have carried out a reprisal attack that left over 200 people dead and over 2,000 homes destroyed in Baga (Punch Newspaper, May 5, 2013).

Earlier in the year, General Carter Ham, Commander of the United States African Command (AFRICOM), cautioned African governments not to rely solely on the use of excessive military force to fight the war against terror in Africa (Onuorah, 2013). He lamented that, “though there is perhaps some necessity for some military action, the solution in combating terror, lies in the non-military solution and activities that would address the underline causes of the dissatisfactions which include good governance,” (Guardian Newspaper, February 01, 2013). 

Unfortunately, the indiscriminate use of excessive military force have claimed the lives of civilians that are supposed to be protected by Article 51 of the 1977 Additional Protocol of the Geneva Convention which states that, “the civilian population and individual civilians shall enjoy general protection against dangers arising from military operations” (deoxy.org, n.d.). The Nigerian government needs to ensure that efforts to achieve security comply with basic human right principles and perpetrators of this arson are brought to justice. The continuous use of military force in the fight against extremism should be down played to accommodate distinction between the civilian population and military targets.


Works Cited
Article 51 of 1977 Geneva Convention retrieved from http://deoxy.org/wc/wc-proto.htm.

Obayuwana, O., & Akande, L. (n.d.). UN Warns Jonathan On Amnesty To Boko Haram. Guardian.
Retrieved from
http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=120850:un-warns-jonathan-on-amnesty-to-boko-haram&catid=1:national&Itemid=559.

Onuorah, M. (2013, February 1). US General Cautions African Government Against Over
Reliance on Military For War Against Terror. Guardian. Retrieved from http://ngrguardiannews.com.

The Punch: Nigeria's Most Widely Read Newspaper. (n.d.). The mindless Baga killings.



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